A Comparative Analysis of the Ukrainian and Dutch Models of Biodiversity Protection: Effectiveness of Economic and Legal Mechanisms
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Abstract
This study aims to compare the economic and legal mechanisms for biodiversity protection implemented within Dutch and Ukrainian legislation frameworks. Given the importance of biodiversity conservation as a critical component of environmental policy, the research focuses on how both countries adhere to the Convention on Biological Diversity provisions.
The methodology is based on a comparative legal analysis of the regulatory frameworks of the Netherlands and Ukraine. This includes examining EU biodiversity protection laws and the national reports of both countries on the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity.
The results indicate that both countries employ similar models for biodiversity protection, including using permits, licences, and quotas and integrating biodiversity protection rules into laws and other regulatory acts. Both states comply with their international and European obligations regarding biodiversity protection. Standard economic instruments include funding, attracting investments, establishing ecological networks, insurance schemes, and various tax regimes.
The study highlights that the Netherlands' biodiversity conservation system is more decentralised than Ukraine's. Noteworthy is the practice in the Netherlands of implementing codes of conduct for nature management, which are developed separately by each province based on a typical template. This research contributes to understanding how decentralised and localised approaches can enhance the effectiveness of biodiversity protection efforts.
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