Blockchain in Green Supply Chain Management: Comparative Legal Perspectives from Estonia and Georgia
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Abstract
This study investigates the application of blockchain technologies in the green SCM, with a specific emphasis on legal comparison between Estonia and Georgia. Blockchain has been evaluated as an efficient instrument for boosting supply chain transparency, augmenting corporate environmental responsibility, and increasing operational efficiency by better integrating data, mitigating the risks of fraud, and encouraging sustainability. The primary aim of this research is to analyse and compare the regulatory frameworks, practical implementation levels, and legal readiness for blockchain adoption in green SCM within Estonia and Georgia. This research draws on the dual approach of comparative law – analysing the existing regulatory mechanisms in both countries, studying the respective laws and policy documents, assessing the extent of practical application and consulting experts who are active in the development of green technologies and digital transformation. The results reveal that Estonia and Georgia are actively applying digital solutions for sustainable development. However, both countries have common problems such as a lack of clarity as to how blockchain can be used, a lack of common technical standards and insufficient digital infrastructure. But, at the same time, Estonia is more prepared from a legal perspective in terms of blockchain, mainly thanks to its e-governance systems. The theoretical contribution of this study is the possibility of supporting the establishment of more functional regulatory tools that promote the integration of blockchain technologies in green supply chains. This, in consequence, can contribute to the environmental targets and lower the eco footprint and business competitiveness. The findings are relevant for policymakers, lawyers, entrepreneurs and researchers working at the crossroads of digital technologies and sustainable development.
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